Sprains and Strains : A sprain occurs when the ligaments in the ankle are stretched or torn, while a strain involves the muscles or tendons. Both injuries can result from sudden twisting motions or overuse, leading to swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the ankle.

Ankle Fractures: A fracture is a break in one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. Fractures can result from trauma, such as falls, accidents, or sports injuries. Depending on the severity, fractures may require immobilization or surgical intervention.

Achilles Tendonitis and Tears : The Achilles tendon, located at the back of the ankle, is susceptible to inflammation (Achilles tendonitis) due to overuse or sudden exertion. A complete tear of the tendon can lead to significant pain, swelling, and difficulty walking, often requiring surgical repair.

Arthritis : Arthritis in the ankle can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness, limiting movement. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis affecting the ankle, usually caused by wear and tear of the cartilage over time. Rheumatoid arthritis may also impact the ankle joint, leading to inflammation and discomfort.

Tendon and Ligament Injuries : Ligaments and tendons in the ankle can be injured from sudden movements, overuse, or improper footwear. These injuries can cause pain, swelling, and instability in the joint, making it difficult to walk or perform daily activities.

Flat Feet and Overpronation : Flat feet, or fallen arches, can affect ankle function and lead to pain in the lower legs, knees, and feet. Overpronation, where the foot rolls inward excessively, can cause additional strain on the ankle, leading to discomfort and injury.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Tarsal tunnel syndrome occurs when the tibial nerve is compressed within the tarsal tunnel at the back of the ankle. This condition can cause pain, tingling, or numbness in the ankle and foot, often affecting people who engage in repetitive activities or overuse of the ankle.